A commandline interface or command language interpreter CLI, also known as commandline user interface, console user interface and character user interface CUI. I need a command line tool to dump standard Windows DLL version info so I can process it by means of a bash script Cygwin. As a Java developer I am not very used to. Highlevel architecture. Robot Framework is a generic, application and technology independent framework. It has a highly modular architecture illustrated in the. PowerShell including Windows PowerShell and PowerShell Core is a task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, consisting of a commandline. Running-.NET-Core-Apps-under-Windows-Shell-for-Linux-(Bash-for-Windows)/BashFromPowershell.png' alt='C Windows Form Application Command Line Arguments In Bash' title='C Windows Form Application Command Line Arguments In Bash' />NCURSES Frequently Asked Questions FAQhttp invisible island. Thomas E. DickeyDate 2. Here is the latest. Ncurses new curses, pronounced enn curses started. System V Release 4. SVr. 4. curses. It has outgrown the clone description, and now contains. Getopts_wm.png' alt='C Windows Form Application Command Line Arguments In Bash' title='C Windows Form Application Command Line Arguments In Bash' />SVr. Curses is a pun on. It is a library of functions that. VT1. 00. The name ncurses was first used as the name of the curses. Pavel Curtiss pcurses, dated 1. It. was apparently developed on a BSD 4. Cornell. Parts. of pcurses are readily identifiable in ncurses, including the. Caps file, used to define the terminfo. MKcaptab. awk. MKnames. While the name of the library itself comes from. Curtis. His makefile built libncurses. In the documentation. Curtis referred to his package as the new curses. New Features in Curses and Terminfo. Pavel Curtis. 1. Introduction. This document describes new features that are being. Berkeley curses subroutine package. It also. describes the new terminfo database, which replaces the. Berkeley termcap database. The emphasis is on the new fea. New Features in Curses. MiniCurses. This feature is not supported in the current test. It will be implemented in the official. The new curses is bigger than the old one, and has to. If the programmer is only inter. This will make the program. The interface is a subset of. Rather than being at the start a replacement for AT T. BSD curses. Later. AT T curses became more important, with different. Besides ncurses, parts of pcurses still survive as of 2. Solaris. Zeyd Ben Halim started it from a previous package. Pavel Curtis. The first. November 1. 99. 3 was not much. It added freely available examples such as. Eric Raymond continued development, apparently starting. Juergen Pfeifer wrote most of the form and menu libraries. Eric added those libraries to ncurses in August 1. I. had started working with Eric and Zeyd in March 1. Ive done most of the configuration work, do most of the. I know about contributed. For details, see the NEWS. It accurately reflects. In preparing copyright transfer in 1. I identified more than 2. These individuals were cited in the agreement. Heinz Ado Arnolds, Jeremy Buhler, Andrey Chernov, J. T. Conklin. Ulrich Drepper, Juergen Ehling, Werner Fleck, Per Foreby, Gerhard. Fuernkranz, Anatoly Ivasyuk, Andrew Kuchling, H. J. Lu, Alexander. V. Lukyanov, David Mac. Kenzie, Rick Marshall, Hellmuth Michaelis. Tim Mooney, Philippe De Muyter, Eric Newton, Andreas Schwab. Jesse Thilo, Warren Tucker, Peter Wemm. In addition to Florian La Roche, who agreed to act as. Free Software Foundation Zeyd M. Ben Halim. Thomas E. Dickey. Juergen Pfeifer. Eric S. Raymond. Pavel Curtis work is in the public domain, hence not needed. The README file in the. Florian acted as maintainer for about a year. I continued to. do the bulk of development, and prepared the 5. After. Florian left unexpectedly before 5. I resumed my pre 4. Occasionally someone says that it is written. GNU Project. That is incorrect The developers and contributors are clearly identified in. NEWS file. The. AUTHORS file in the sources identifies the primary. A complete list of contributors runs to several pages see. The GNU Project holds a copyright on the redistributable. See the ncurses. license page for more information. The major ncurses developers exclusive of Pavel Curtis, who. Free Software Foundation. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person. Software, to deal in the Software without. Software. and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do. The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall. Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY. KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE. WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT. HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY. WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING. FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR. OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. Except as contained in this notice, the names of the above. Software. without prior written authorization. Ncurses is free software. It is not open source. That term applies to a mixture of proprietary software and. By relabeling free software and revising the order of causes. Surprisingly, some people cite ncurses as an example of GPL or. LGPL. The copyright notice which is the above quoted license. Presumably therefore, these people have not. Adding to the confusion are misleading comments such as. In particular, if you intend to port a proprietary. GPLd application using Cygwin, you will need the. Cygwin library. This is. All other questions should be sent to the. By omitting some of the facts, this paragraph states in terms. I cannot work on ncurses on cygwin. Cygwin. The same applies to the. Cygwin. since not all are GPLd. There is a better attempt at explaining Cygwin licensing. This means that you can port an Open Sourcetm application. Note. that this does not apply to the cygwin DLL itself. If you. distribute a possibly modified version of the DLL you must. GPL, i. e. you must provide sources. DLL. Probably more people read the FAQ and are misled than read. This type of license, by the way, is often referred to as. MIT style, referring to the MIT X distribution terms. Before. copyright to the FSF, substantial portions of. The main restriction that. That is not done in this online. The. translation from manpage to html retains the content, but removes. Compare with this. For what its worth, the agreement which we. Free Software. Foundation reads in part The Foundation promises that all distribution of the. Package, or of any work based on the Package, that takes. Foundation or its agents or. These terms shall not restrict which members of the public. These terms shall not require a. Foundation or to. Foundation or its agents in any way. As is well known, that precludes relicensing to the GPL in any. That would deprive a substantial fraction. No such restriction exists in the ncurses license. I have never considered it a possibility see the preceding. It would make the package unusable for most of its. GPL is a more restrictive license than. MIT X1. 1 or any of the similar BSD licenses. However, since the FSF is the copyright holder, it is not. GPL. In that case, I would continue development based on the. I initially agreed. The original agreement stated that changes which I made to the. Free Software Foundation. Free Repair Manual Suzuki Lt80 Wiring. That. clause expired after five years in 2. It does require. written notice for instance today is June 2. FSF, this webpage. It is worth noting that all changes that I have. That is not part of ncurses. As a convenience to reuse. However, tack is licensed differently the GNU. General Public License GPL. This confuses some packagers, who then label ncurses as. GPL. Most packagers correct the designation when. Some do not. To avoid this confusion, it was removed. Copyright and Licensing. The terminfo database is a special case. Ncurses provides a. Eric Raymond. The ncurses file is not. Eric Raymond, since the agreement which transferred. FSF states We hereby agree that if we have or acquire, or any one of us. Program or. use of the same, such dominating interest will not be used to. Changes made to this file are unsurprisingly copyrighted via. No explicit Copyright is required. It. only requires that the author be identified and this is done in. In order that the author of a literary or artistic work. Convention shall, in the absence of proof to. Union, it shall be sufficient for his name to appear on the. This paragraph shall be applicable. In the case of anonymous and pseudonymous works, other. The provisions of this paragraph shall cease. Attribution. Occasionally someone in a newsgroup posts a terminfo which has. Sometimes the claim is true. The latter case is. For instance Open. QM uses. terminfo entries which are obtained from ncurses using. In discussion, one aspect glossed over was. Unix shell scripting with kshbash. Some descriptions in these notes have more detail available. If you follow textbooks on Bourne shell programming, all of the advice should apply no matter. Bourne derived shells you use. Unfortunately, many vendors have added features over the years. Explicitly writing for ksh or bash and insisting. The sh and ksh man pages use the term special command for the internal commands handled by the shell. Only using the form preserves quoted arguments. If the arguments are being passed from the script. Example pickrandom display, text. Selects a random file from a directory. Uses the ksh RANDOM feature. Compound commands can be thought of as running in an implicit subshell. They. can have IO redirection independant of the rest of the script. Setting of variables in a real subshell does not. Setting variables in implicit subshells varies in behaviour among shells. Older sh could not set variables in an implicit subshell and then use them later. Example ex. 11 display, text. Reading a file line by line. The book by Randal Michael contains 1. This example shows the simplest and fastest way. Commands grouped in are executed in a subshell, with a separate environment. Conditional Test Examples. As with most aspects of shell scripting, there are usually several possible ways to accomplish. Certain idioms show up commonly. These are five ways to examine and branch on the. Use case with a pattern. Works in all shells, and uses no extra processes. Works in all shells, but inefficiently uses a pipe and external process for a trivial task. Use POSIX variable truncation. Works with ksh, bash and other POSIX compliant shells. Not obvious if you have not seen. Fails on old Bourne shells. Dave Taylor in Wicked Cool Shell Scripts likes this one. Use POSIX pattern match inside of. Works with ksh, bash and other POSIX compliant shells. Note that you must use. The. syntax is handled internally by the shell and can therefore interpret wildcard patterns. An unquoted wildcard is interpreted as a pattern to be matched. The. syntax, even if handled internally, is treated. This requires that wildcard patterns be expanded. Use ksh 9. 3 and later and bash variable substrings. Example ex. 17 display, text2. Miscellaneous internal commands. The shells ksh in particular have many more internal commands. Some are used more in interactive. The commands listed here are used in scripts, but dont conveniently fit elsewhere in the. The args are read as input to the shell and the resulting command executed. Allows double expansion. For example, constructing a variable name out of pieces, and then obtaining the value. NETDEV. NETDEV1hme. As part of an initialization step defining multiple devices. As part of a loop over those devices. NETDEV1. eval deviceifname evaluate it device is set to hme. The command is executed in place of the current shell. There is no return from an exec. IO redirection may be used. This is also used to change the IO for the current shell. The line is variable expanded, but otherwise treated as a comment. Sometimes. used as a synonym for true in a loop. Remove the named variables. This is not the same as setting their values to null. Set attributes and values for shell variables and functions. When used inside a function, a local. Some of the options are. LnLeft justify and remove leading blanks. The variable always has length n if specified. RnRight justify and fill with leading blanks. The variable always has length n if specified. The named variable is always treated as an integer. This makes arithmetic faster. The reserved word. ZnAs for R, but fill with zeroes if the value is a number. Lower case convert the named variables. Upper case convert the named variables. Mark the variables as readonly. Export the named variables to the enviroment. The variables are taken as function names. Turn on execution tracing. Manipulating Variables kshbash onlyText variables. The pattern in the following uses the same wildcards as for filename matching. Numeric variables integer expression The. Variables are referenced by name without the. Most of the arithmetic. C language is supported, including bit manipulations. Use parentheses for changing precedence. Examplesdatapathdatapublicprojecttrialsset. Shell Functions. All but the earliest versions of sh allow you define shell functions, which are visible only. Shell functions take precedence over. Functions execute in the same process as the caller. They allow a script to be broken. Defining functionsidentifier list POSIX syntax for shell functions. Such functions do not restrict scope of variables. The identifier follows the rules for variable names. Ksh and bash optional syntax for defining a function. These functions may define local. A function may read or modify any shell variable that exists in the calling script. Such variables. ksh and bash only Functions may also declare local variables in the function using typeset or. Local variables are visible to the current function and any functions called by it. Return from a function with the given value, or exit the whole script with the given value. Without a return, the function returns when it reaches the end, and the value is the. Print an error message and exit with given status. R i. exit exitstat. Calling functions. Functions are called like any other command. The output may be redirected independantly of the. Shell option flags like x are unset in a function you. Shell functions may even be backgrounded. Example Backgrounded function call. Background. 7 sleep 1. Function will return here if backgrounded, the subprocess will exit. My PID. 1. 5 echo Background function PID. Print or not depending on global verbosity. Change the verbosity with a single variable. Arg. 1 is the level for this message. R vprint 1 This message will appear. This only appears if verbosity is 3 or higher. Reuseable functions. By using only command line arguments, not global variables, and taking care to minimise the side. Typically they would be. Functions may generate output to stdout, stderr, or any other file or filehandle. Messages to stdout. Beware of side effects and reducing reusability. IO. 2. 4Advanced IO. Unix IO is performed by assigning file descriptors to files or devices, and then. Descriptors 0, 1, and 2 are always. Stdin defaults to the keyboard. Redirecting for the whole script. Redirecting stdout, stderr and other file descriptors for the whole script. IO of the current shell. The form nlt, n opens file descriptor n instead of the default stdinstdout. This can then be used with read u or print u. Explicitly opening or duplicating file descriptors. One reason to do this is to save the current. Example Sending messages to stderr 2 instead of stdout 1. Error program failed 2. Echo always writes to stdout, but stdout can be temporarily reassigned to duplicate stderr or other file. Conventionally Unix programs send error messages to stderr to keep them separated from stdout. Input and output to open file descriptors ksh. Printing to file descriptors usually more efficient than openappendclose. Reading from file descriptors other than stdin. IFS, and placing the words into. Any left over words all go into the last variable. Closing file handleslt standard input is explicitly closed. For example, to indicate to another program downstream in a pipeline that no more. All file descriptors are closed when a script exits. IO redirection operators are evaluated left to right. This makes a difference in a. Many books with example scripts get this wrong. Here documentslt lt stringredirect input to the temporary file formed by everything up the matching string. Allows for placing file content inline in a script. Example ex. 5 display, text 1 binsh 2 echo Example of unquoted here document, with variable and command substitution. EOF. 5 This text will be fed to the cat program as.