Welcome to the RAPTOR home page. RAPTOR is a flowchartbased programming environment, designed specifically to help students visualize their algorithms and avoid. HPtlWciaI-s/hqdefault.jpg' alt='Can Download Free Graphics Programming Language' title='Can Download Free Graphics Programming Language' />VPL, realtime graphics design platform. Vovoid VSXu is many things a music or audio visualizer displaying real time graphics to your audio or music. It is also a modular visual programming language with which you can quickly build and explore real time graphics effects and designs. VSXus underlying code can be re used in other projects and is optimized for real time graphics and games. R programming language Wikipedia. R language. Paradigms. Multi paradigm Array, object oriented, imperative, functional, procedural, reflective. Designed by. Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman. Developer. R Core Team1First appeared. Can Download Free Graphics Programming Language' title='Can Download Free Graphics Programming Language' />August 1. Stable release. 3. Single Candle3 June 3. Typing discipline. Dynamic. License. GNU GPL v. 24Filename extensions. The R programming language on its own is a powerful tool that can perform thousands of statistical tasks, but by writing programs in R, you gain tremendous power and. R is an open source programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics that is supported by the R Foundation for Statistical. R,. RData,. rds,. Websitewww. r project. Influenced by. Influenced. Julia5R is an open sourceprogramming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics that is supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software7 and data analysis. Polls, surveys of data miners, and studies of scholarly literature databases show that Rs popularity has increased substantially in recent years. R is a GNU package. The source code for the R software environment is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R. R is freely available under the GNU General Public License, and pre compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems. While R has a command line interface, there are several graphical front ends available. HistoryeditR is an implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics inspired by Scheme. S was created by John Chambers while at Bell Labs. There are some important differences, but much of the code written for S runs unaltered. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman1. University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team, of which Chambers is a member. R is named partly after the first names of the first two R authors and partly as a play on the name of S. The project was conceived in 1. Statistical featureseditR and its libraries implement a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques, including linear and nonlinear modeling, classical statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering, and others. R is easily extensible through functions and extensions, and the R community is noted for its active contributions in terms of packages. Many of Rs standard functions are written in R itself, which makes it easy for users to follow the algorithmic choices made. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C, and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. Advanced users can write C, C,2. Java,2. 1. NET2. Python code to manipulate R objects directly. R is highly extensible through the use of user submitted packages for specific functions or specific areas of study. Due to its S heritage, R has stronger object oriented programming facilities than most statistical computing languages. Extending R is also eased by its lexical scoping rules. Another strength of R is static graphics, which can produce publication quality graphs, including mathematical symbols. Dynamic and interactive graphics are available through additional packages. R has Rd, its own La. Te. X like documentation format, which is used to supply comprehensive documentation, both on line in a number of formats and in hard copy. Programming featureseditR is an interpreted language users typically access it through a command line interpreter. If a user types 22 at the R command prompt and presses enter, the computer replies with 4, as shown below This calculation is interpreted as the sum of two single element vectors, resulting in a single element vector. The prefix 1 indicates that the list of elements following it on the same line starts with the first element of the vector a feature that is useful when the output extends over multiple lines. Like other similar languages such as APL and MATLAB, R supports matrix arithmetic. Rs data structures include vectors, matrices, arrays, data frames similar to tables in a relational database and lists. Rs extensible object system includes objects for among others regression models, time series and geo spatial coordinates. The scalar data type was never a data structure of R. Instead, a scalar is represented as a vector with length one. R supports procedural programming with functions and, for some functions, object oriented programming with generic functions. A generic function acts differently depending on the classes of arguments passed to it. In other words, the generic function dispatches the function method specific to that class of object. For example, R has a genericprint function that can print almost every class of object in R with a simple printobjectname syntax. Although used mainly by statisticians and other practitioners requiring an environment for statistical computation and software development, R can also operate as a general matrix calculation toolbox with performance benchmarks comparable to GNU Octave or MATLAB. Arrays are stored in column major order. PackageseditThe capabilities of R are extended through user created packages, which allow specialized statistical techniques, graphical devices, importexport capabilities, reporting tools knitr, Sweave, etc. These packages are developed primarily in R, and sometimes in Java, C, C, and Fortran. The R packaging system is also used by researchers to create compendia to organise research data, code and report files in a systematic way for sharing and public archiving. A core set of packages is included with the installation of R, with more than 1. Hp Officejet Incorrect Color Cartridge Installed Capacity. July 2. 01. 7update available at the Comprehensive R Archive Network CRAN,3. Bioconductor, Omegahat,3. Git. Hub, and other repositories. The Task Views page subject list on the CRAN website3. Finance, Genetics, High Performance Computing, Machine Learning, Medical Imaging, Social Sciences and Spatial Statistics to which R has been applied and for which packages are available. R has also been identified by the FDA as suitable for interpreting data from clinical research. Other R package resources include Crantastic3. CRAN packages, and R Forge4. R packages, R related software, and projects. R Forge also hosts many unpublished beta packages, and development versions of CRAN packages. The Bioconductor project provides R packages for the analysis of genomic data, such as Affymetrix and c. DNAmicroarray object oriented data handling and analysis tools, and has started to provide tools for analysis of data from next generation high throughput sequencing methods. MilestoneseditA list of changes in R releases is maintained in various news files at CRAN. Some highlights are listed below for several major releases. Release. Date. Description. This is the last alpha version developed primarily by Ihaka and Gentleman. Much of the basic functionality from the White Book see S history was implemented. The mailing lists commenced on April 1, 1. This is the oldest source release which is currently available on CRAN. CRAN is started on this date, with 3 mirrors that initially hosted 1. Alpha versions of R for Microsoft Windows and the classic Mac OS are made available shortly after this version. R becomes an official part of the GNU Project. The code is hosted and maintained on CVS. First versions of update. CRAN. 4. 51. 0. 20. Considered by its developers stable enough for production use. S4 methods are introduced and the first version for Mac OS X is made available soon after. Introduced lazy loading, which enables fast loading of data with minimal expense of system memory. Support for UTF 8 encoding, and the beginnings of internationalization and localization for different languages. Support for Windows 6. Adding a new compiler function that allows speeding up functions by converting them to byte code. Added mandatory namespaces for packages. Added a new parallel package. New load balancing functions. Improved serialization speed for long vectors. Support for numeric index values 2.