Dutch grammar Wikipedia. This article outlines the grammar of the Dutch language, which shares strong similarities with German grammar and also, to a lesser degree, with English grammar. Vowel length is indicated in Dutch spelling using a combination of double vowels and double consonants. Changes from single to double letters are common when discussing Dutch grammar, but they are entirely predictable once one knows how the spelling rules work. This means that the spelling alternations do not form part of the grammar, and they are not discussed here. For more information, see Dutch orthography. Word ordereditDutch word order is underlyingly SOV subjectobjectverb. There is an additional rule called V2 in main clauses, which moves the finite inflected for subject verb into the second position in the sentence. Because of this, sentences with only one verb appear with SVO subjectverbobject or VSO verbsubjectobject order. Janhielpzijn moeder. Janhelpedhis motherJan helped his mother. Gisterenhielp. Janzijn moeder. Yesterdayhelped. Janhis motherYesterday, Jan helped his mother. However, any other verbs or verbal particles are placed at the end of the clause in accordance with the underlying SOV order, giving an intermediate order of SVOVVV. Janwildezijn moedergaan helpen. Janwantedhis motherto go helpJan wanted to go help his mother. In subordinate clauses, the order is exclusively SOV. In subordinate clauses two word orders are possible for the verb clusters and are referred to as the red omdat ik heb gewerkt, because I have worked like in English, where the auxiliary verb precedes the past particle, and the green omdat ik gewerkt heb, where the past particle precedes the auxiliary verb, because I worked have like in German. In Dutch, the green word order is most used in speech, and the red is the most used in writing, particularly in journalistic texts, but the green is also used in writing. Unlike in English, however, adjectives and adverbs must precede the verb dat het boek groen is, that the book is green. For an explanation of verb clusters of three or more see V2 word order. Janzeidathijzijn moederwildegaan helpen. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Pictures. Jansaidthathehis motherwantedto go helpJan said that he wanted to go help his mother. In yesno questions, the verb of the main clause is usually, but not always, placed first instead of second. If the verb comes second, this often implies disbelief, like in English The prisoner escaped vs. Did the prisoner escapeHielp. Janzijn moeder Helped. Janhis motherDid Jan help his motherWilde. Janzijn moedergaan helpenWanted. Janhis motherto go helpDid Jan want to go help his motherZei. Jandathijzijn moederwildegaan helpen Said. Janthathehis motherwantedto go helpDid Jan say that he wanted to go help his motherIn imperative sentences, the verb of the main clause is always placed first, although it may be preceded by a noun phrase indicating who is being addressed. Jan,gaje moederhelpenJan,goyour motherhelpJan, go help your motherJan,zegdatjeje moederwildegaan helpenJan,saythatyouyour motherwantedto go helpJan, say that you wanted to go help your motherIn the following example, the SOV order in the subordinate clause causes the various noun phrases to be separated from the verbs that introduce them, creating a relatively deep nesting structure Ik zie datde oudersde kinderen. Janhet huishebbenlatenhelpenschilderen. I see thatthe parentsthe children. Janthe househavelethelppaintI see that the parents have let the children help Jan paint the house. Adjectives always come before the noun to which they belong. In contrast to English, adpositional phrase come in the order timemannerplace, so that time modifiers usually come before place modifiers Ikbenditjaarnaar. Frankrijkgeweest. Iamthisyearto. FrancebeenI have been to France this year. In Dutch, nouns are marked for number in singular and plural. Cases have largely fallen out of use, as have the endings that were used for them. Standard Dutch has three genders masculine, feminine and neuter. However, in large parts of the Netherlands there is no grammatical distinction between what were originally masculine and feminine genders, and there is only a distinction between common and neuter. Spearhead_from_kovel.jpg' alt='Greek Present Active Indicative Paradigm Synonym' title='Greek Present Active Indicative Paradigm Synonym' />Gender is not overtly marked on nouns either, and must be learned for each noun. The plural is formed by addition of en pronounced n or or s, with the usual spelling changes in the case of the former. Which of the two is used is somewhat unpredictable, although some general rules can be given Single syllable words, which are common in Dutch, normally use en. Words ending in a schwa often use s, but a sizable number uses n, particularly if they are older. Some nouns may allow either ending. Nouns that are substantivised forms of adjectives always use n. Relatively modern words ending in a long vowel use s with an apostrophe, but if they end in ee or then no apostrophe is used. The decision not to run the cartoons is motivated by nothing more than fear either fear of offending or fear of retaliation. This article outlines the grammar of the Dutch language, which shares strong similarities with German grammar and also, to a lesser degree, with English grammar. DefinitionsPositive contributions of the Salaf trendCriticisms of SalafismConcluding remarks1. Definitions What is Salaf IslamWhat exactly is Salafism In. DIAMONDS OF THE GREEK ECONOMY 2016. OWNED BY ACTIVE BUSINESS PUBLISHING 17 Kadmias St., Athens 118 55 Greece Tel 30 210 3427 481, 30 210 3428 667 Fax 30. Older ones generally use en or n with diaeresis. Words ending in unstressed el or er usually use s. If en is allowed it tends to be more archaic or poetic. Initialisms words pronounced as letters follow the rules for whatever the final syllable suggests, usually by adding s but occasionally en. APK vehicle inspection APKscd CD cds. Plurals with vowel changeeditA number of common nouns inherited from Old Dutch have a short vowel in the singular but a long vowel in the plural. When short i is lengthened in this way, it becomes long e. Other nouns with this change include aanbod offer, bad bath, bedrag amount of money, bevel command, blad sheet of paper, magazine, not the sense leaf, dak roof, dal valley, gat hole, gebed prayer, gebod commandment, gen gene, glas glass, god god, hertog duke, hof court, hol cave, burrow, lid member, lot lottery ticket, oorlog war, pad path, schot shot, slag strike, battle, smid smith, spel large gamespectacle, not in the sense of a smaller everyday game, staf staff, vat vat, barrel, verbod prohibition, verdrag treaty, verlof permission, leave, weg road, way. The noun stad stt town, city has umlaut in the plural alongside lengthening steden stedn cities. The plural of nouns ending in the suffix heid it ness, hood is irregular heden edn. Plurals in ereneditA few neuter nouns have a plural in eren. This ending derives from the old Germanic z stem nouns, and is cognate with the English ren children, brethren etc. UN News Centre Official site for daily UN news, press releases, statements, briefings and calendar of events. Includes UN radio, video, webcasts, magazines. The following nouns have this type of plural been bone beenderen when used in the sense leg, the plural is the regular benenblad leaf bladeren when used in the sense sheet, magazine, the plural is bladenei egg eierengelid rank, file gelederengemoed mood, emotion gemoederengoed good goederenhoen fowl hoenderenkalf calf kalverenkind child kinderenkleed cloth archaic klederen or kleren clothes nowadays a plurale tantum like in Englishlam lamb lammerenlied song liederen somewhat dated the plural of the diminutive is often used instead liedjesrad wheel raderenrund cattle runderenvolk people, nation volkeren the regular volken is also usedWhen used in compounds, the stem of these nouns usually includes the er. For example eierschaal eggshell, kinderarbeid child labour, klederdracht traditional costume, rundertartaar beef tartare, volkermoord genocide. This is not a rule, however, and compounds with the singular form also exist eivorm egg shape, rundvlees beef, volkslied national anthem. Foreign pluralseditFor a number of nouns of Latin origin, a Latin like plural may be used. Depending on the word and the formalness of the setting, a regular plural in en or s can also be used.